Introduction

The primary sign of depression is often a persistent low, depressed, or hopeless mood, whereas the major sign of anxiety is an abundance of worry, uneasiness, and fear.

But certain crucial symptoms are indeed common to these ailments. Some people with depression may experience more irritability than sadness, as anxiety, for instance, frequently entails irritability.

You might not always understand what your symptoms signify because these disorders might manifest themselves in different ways depending on the individual.

Additionally, it is conceivable to experience both despair and anxiety simultaneously: According to a global poll conducted in 2015, 41.6% of respondents said they experienced both serious depression and an anxiety condition over a 12-month period.

What is a crucial similarity between anxiety and depression? Both can advance with assistance from a mental health professional.

We’ll break down the primary symptoms and warning indications of each ailment below, as well as provide some coping mechanisms and advice on where to get support.

What are the signs and symptoms of anxiety?

Most people experience anxiety from time to time, which includes feelings of fear, uneasiness, and worry. After all, anxiety is part of how you respond to stress, thus you may feel anxious:

prior to key life events, when making important decisions, and when attempting something new
However, if you have chronic or extreme anxiety on most days for several months, you may be suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or another anxiety condition.

Anxiety disorders extend beyond being concerned about unexpected or difficult life events. Your issues may be more mundane, such as your health, performance at school and job, or relationships. These concerns might lead to persistent thoughts and fears that eventually begin to interfere with daily life.

The following are the primary indicators of ongoing anxiety:

• Fear and concern management difficulties
• Irritation, bodily restlessness, or a feeling of being on edge fear, foreboding, or panic
• Sleep issues
• Brain fog caused by chronic exhaustion
• Headaches, muscle tension, nausea, and diarrhea are some of the physical symptoms.

Also Read:

• Am I Depressed?
• What Is Bipolar Disorder?

How To Manage Anxiety And Depression?

A therapist can provide more information about treatment choices for anxiety and depression, but you can also manage with symptoms on your own.

The tactics listed below may not always be effective, but experimenting with different approaches at different times might help you learn more about what works best for you. That realization can lead you to a tailored toolbox of coping skills, so you always have options to explore when you are distressed or overwhelmed.

Your therapist can also provide new tactics to try as well as advice on how to put them into action.

1. Allow yourself to feel what you’re experiencing.
2. Do something over which you have control. 
3. Stick to a routine. 
4. Try to get a good night’s sleep. 
5. Eat a variety of foods.
6. Go for a walk around the block.
7. Schedule rest and relaxation time.
8. Make contact with loved ones

Anxiety and depression can be daunting, especially if you suffer from both diseases or are unsure which one you have.

But you don’t have to deal with such symptoms on your own. Getting help for distress that lasts more than a few days or begins to interfere with your everyday life can go a long way toward assisting you in finding relief.

How Do Depression And Anxiety Differ?

The primary distinction between depression and anxiety is in the symptoms. Depression is characterized by a continuous sense of sadness. You also lack energy and lose interest in previously enjoyed hobbies. Some depressed people consider harming themselves.

Anxiety is characterized by uncontrollable fear or worry. Depending on the sort of anxiety you have, you may experience worry during routine tasks such as meeting new people.

There are numerous therapy methods available for depression and anxiety. A therapist can always provide additional assistance in recognizing symptoms and potential causes, as well as exploring the most beneficial therapy techniques.

Introduction

मनोग्रसित-बाध्यता विकार (OCD)

जुनूनी-बाध्यकारी विकार (ओसीडी) के रूप में जाना जाने वाला मानसिक रोग आवर्तक, अवांछित विचारों या संवेदनाओं (जुनून) या कुछ दोहराए जाने वाले व्यवहार (मजबूरियों) को करने के लिए आवेग की विशेषता है। जुनून और मजबूरी दोनों ही कुछ लोगों में आम हैं।

ओसीडी को नाखून चबाना या निराशावादी सोच जैसे व्यवहारों की विशेषता नहीं है। किसी गंदी चीज को छूने के बाद अपने हाथों को सात बार धोना एक बाध्यकारी आदत हो सकती है, जबकि एक जुनून यह विचार हो सकता है कि विशेष संख्याएं या रंग “अच्छे” या “बुरे” हैं। हो सकता है कि आप इन तरीकों से सोचना या कार्य नहीं करना चाहें, लेकिन आप रुकने में असमर्थ महसूस करते हैं।

हर किसी की कभी-कभी दोहराव वाली आदतें या विचार होते हैं। ओसीडी रोगियों में निम्नलिखित हो सकते हैं या करते हैं:

अपने सामाजिक जीवन, अपनी नौकरी या अपने जीवन के किसी अन्य पहलू में हस्तक्षेप करें
प्रत्येक दिन कम से कम एक घंटा
मनोरंजक नहीं हैं
आपके वश में नहीं हैं

Also Read:

• How To Deal With Depression
• Define Schizophrenia

मजबूरियाँ और जुनून

कई ओसीडी पीड़ित जानते हैं कि उनके विचार और व्यवहार बेतुके हैं। वे उनका प्रदर्शन इसलिए करते हैं क्योंकि वे रुकने में असमर्थ हैं, इसलिए नहीं कि उन्हें ऐसा करना पसंद है। और अगर वे छोड़ देते हैं, तो वे भयानक महसूस करते हैं और पुनः आरंभ करते हैं।

जुनूनी विचारों में शामिल हो सकते हैं:

खुद को या दूसरों को नुकसान पहुंचाने का डर
सांस लेने, पलक झपकने या शरीर के अन्य कार्यों जैसी शरीर की संवेदनाओं पर लगातार ध्यान देना

रिश्ते में बेवफाई का शक लेकिन इसके समर्थन में कोई ठोस सबूत नहीं

बाध्यकारी व्यवहारों में से हैं:

हर बार पूर्व निर्धारित क्रम या “उत्कृष्ट” बार की पूर्व निर्धारित संख्या में चीजों को पूरा करना
वस्तुओं को गिनना, जैसे कदम या बोतल
हाथ मिलाने, सार्वजनिक शौचालय का उपयोग करने, या दरवाजे की कुंडी छूने से डर लगता है
ओसीडी के प्रकार और लक्षण

ओसीडी कई अलग-अलग रूप ले सकता है, हालांकि, अधिकांश उदाहरण चार व्यापक श्रेणियों में से कम से कम एक में फिट होते हैं:

गर्भावस्था या सिज़ोफ्रेनिया जैसी मानसिक बीमारी होना, या ताले, अलार्म सिस्टम, ओवन या लाइट स्विच जैसी चीज़ों की जाँच करना
संदूषण, संभावित रूप से गंदी वस्तुओं के बारे में आशंका, या साफ करने की आवश्यकता। यदि आप अशिष्ट व्यवहार का अनुभव करते हैं तो आप मानसिक संदूषण प्राप्त कर सकते हैं।
आदेश और समरूपता, आवश्यकता है कि वस्तुओं को एक विशिष्ट तरीके से व्यवस्थित किया जाए
आक्रामक चिंतन, और एक विशेष विचार के साथ एक व्यस्तता। इन विचारों में कुछ हिंसक या परेशान करने वाले विचार शामिल हो सकते हैं।
ओसीडी का निदान

यह पुष्टि करने के लिए कि कोई और चीज आपके लक्षणों का कारण नहीं बन रही है, आपका डॉक्टर शारीरिक परीक्षण और रक्त परीक्षण कर सकता है। वे आपके साथ आपकी भावनाओं, विचारों और दिनचर्या पर भी चर्चा करेंगे।

ओसीडी के कारण और जोखिम कारक

डॉक्टर कुछ रोगियों में ओसीडी के कारण के बारे में अनिश्चित हैं। तनाव लक्षणों को बढ़ा सकता है।

पुरुषों की तुलना में थोड़ी अधिक महिलाएं इसका अनुभव करती हैं। किशोरों या युवा वयस्कों में अक्सर लक्षण होते हैं।

ओसीडी जोखिम वाले तत्वों में शामिल हैं:

माता-पिता, भाई-बहन या बच्चे में ओसीडी
विशिष्ट मस्तिष्क क्षेत्रों में शारीरिक भिन्नता
टिक्स, अवसाद या चिंता
आघात का ज्ञान
शारीरिक या यौन शोषण का पुराना इतिहास

स्ट्रेप्टोकोकल संक्रमण के परिणामस्वरूप एक युवा कभी-कभी ओसीडी विकसित कर सकता है। स्ट्रेप्टोकोकल संक्रमण, या पांडास से जुड़े बाल चिकित्सा ऑटोम्यून्यून न्यूरोसाइचिकटिक विकार इस स्थिति को दिया गया नाम है।

दवा: चयनित सेरोटोनिन रीअपटेक इनहिबिटर मनोरोग दवाएं हैं जो कई लोगों को उनके जुनून और मजबूरियों को प्रबंधित करने में सहायता करती हैं। काम शुरू होने में दो से चार महीने लग सकते हैं। Escitalopram (Lexapro), citalopram (Celexa), clomipramine (Anafranil), fluvoxamine, paroxetine (Paxil), और Sertraline आम लोगों (Zoloft) के उदाहरण हैं। यदि आप लक्षणों का अनुभव करना जारी रखते हैं तो आपका डॉक्टर एंटीसाइकोटिक दवाएं जैसे एरीप्रिप्राजोल (एबिलिफाई) या रिसपेरीडोन लिख सकता है।

Introduction

OCD can manifest in a variety of ways, although most cases fall into at least one of four basic categories:

• Having a mental illness such as pregnancy or schizophrenia, or checking things like locks, alarm systems, ovens, or light switches
• Contamination, apprehension about potentially dirty objects, or a need to clean. You could get mental contamination if you experience being treated rudely.
• Order and symmetry, the requirement that objects be arranged in a specific manner
• Invasive musings, and a preoccupation with a particular idea. These ideas might include some violent or unsettling ones.

What Is OCD? (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)

The mental disease known as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts or sensations (obsessions) or the impulse to do certain repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Obsessions and compulsions are both common in some people.

OCD is not characterized by behaviors like nail-biting or pessimistic thinking. A compulsive habit might be washing your hands seven times after touching something that might be dirty, whereas an obsession might be the idea that particular numbers or colors are “good” or “bad.” You may not want to think or act in these ways, but you feel unable to stop.

Everyone occasionally has repetitive habits or thoughts. OCD patients may have or do the following:

• Interfere with your social life, your job, or another aspect of your life
• At least one hour each day
• Aren’t entertaining
• Are not under your control

Also Read:

• What Is Schizophrenia?
• How To Overcome Depression?

Diagnosis Of OCD

To confirm that something else isn’t causing your symptoms, your doctor may perform a physical examination and blood testing. They will also discuss your emotions, ideas, and routines with you.

Causes and Risk Factors for OCD

Doctors are unsure about the cause of OCD in some patients. Stress might exacerbate symptoms.

A little more women than males experience it. Teenagers or young adults frequently have symptoms.

OCD risk elements consist of:

• OCD in a parent, sibling, or child
• Physical variations in specific brain regions
• Tics, depression, or anxiety
• Knowledge of trauma
• An earlier history of physical or sexual abuse

A youngster may occasionally develop OCD as a result of a streptococcal infection. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections, or PANDAS, is the name given to this condition.

OCD Therapy

OCD cannot be cured. But with the help of medication, therapy, or a combination of treatments, you might be able to control how your symptoms interfere with your life.

Treatments include:

Psychotherapy: Your thought patterns may be changed with cognitive behavioral therapy. Your doctor will place you in an environment intended to induce anxiety or trigger compulsions as part of a technique known as exposure and response prevention. You’ll discover how to reduce, then stop, your OCD thoughts or behaviors.
Relaxation: Simple practices like yoga, massage, and meditation can ease the symptoms of anxious OCD.

Medication: Selected serotonin reuptake inhibitors are psychiatric medications that assist many people to manage their obsessions and compulsions. Starting to function could take two to four months. Escitalopram (Lexapro), citalopram (Celexa), clomipramine (Anafranil), fluvoxamine, paroxetine (Paxil), and sertraline are examples of common ones (Zoloft). Your doctor may prescribe antipsychotic medications such as aripiprazole (Abilify) or risperidone if you continue to experience symptoms (Risperdal).

Compulsions and Obsessions

Many OCD sufferers are aware that their thoughts and behaviors are absurd. They perform them because they are unable to stop, not because they like doing so. And if they quit, they feel terrible and restart.

Obsessive ideas might consist of:

• Fear of harming yourself or others
• Constant attention to body sensations like breathing, blinking, or other body functions
  
• Suspicion of infidelity in a relationship but no solid evidence to support it

Among compulsive behaviors are:

• Completing things in a predetermined order or a predetermined number of “excellent” times each time
• Counting objects, such as steps or bottles
• Fear of shaking hands, using public restrooms, or touching doorknobs