16Apr

ADHD In Adults

Numerous kids with ADHD will continue to satisfy the criteria for the condition as they age and may manifest impairments that call for continuing therapy (Pliszka, 2007). However, occasionally a childhood ADHD diagnosis is overlooked. Many adults with ADHD are unaware that they are affected. The use of adult rating scales or checklists, a medical exam, and a review of previous and present symptoms are all common components of a thorough examination.

Adults with ADHD may receive therapy, medication, or both types of treatment. Support from close relatives as well as behavior management techniques like measures to reduce distractions and improve structure and organization might be beneficial.

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act recognize ADHD as a disability (ADA). As a result, organizations that receive federal support are not allowed to discriminate against people with disabilities. People with ADHD symptoms who are impaired at work may be eligible for reasonable work accommodations under the ADA.

Adults And ADHD

What Causes ADHD?

Around 1-3% of kids have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Comorbidity with a wide range of psychiatric diseases, developmental and learning issues, and both is very high. Although there isn’t a single risk factor that causes ADHD, and non-inherited variables also play a role in its genesis, the disorder is very heritable. The neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric outcomes that the implicated genetic and environmental risk factors seem to be linked to include more than simply ADHD.

According to the available data, both uncommon and numerous common genetic variations are likely to contribute to ADHD and alter its phenotypic. Additionally, very low birth weight, premature, and adversity-exposed children tend to be more likely to have ADHD or a related phenotype.

Like other prevalent medical and mental conditions (such as schizophrenia and asthma), ADHD is influenced by a number of genes, non-inherited variables, and their interactions. 5 ADHD has multiple causes, and being exposed to a risk factor does not guarantee the development of the illness. This implies that a risk factor will only be seen in a certain percentage of cases and will also be present in healthy individuals. Additionally, risk factors that affect ADHD’s course and consequences may not always be the same as those that contribute to the disorder’s origins.

The fact that genetic and environmental factors can interact to produce indirect risk effects adds another layer of complexity. Gene-environment interactions, such as those caused by environmental pollutants or psychosocial hardship, can cause changes in susceptibility to environmental dangers. Additionally, inherited variables can affect the likelihood of being exposed to specific environmental dangers. This means that the impacts of hereditary and environmental risk factors cannot be completely separated.

What Is ADHD

Diagnosis And Symptoms

Many kids could struggle to sit still, wait their time, pay attention, not fidget, and not act impulsively. The difference between normal children and those who fulfill diagnostic criteria for ADHD is that the latter group’s symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, organization, and/or inattention are markedly worse than those that would be normal for their age or stage of development. Significant discomfort as well as issues at home, at school, or work as well as in interpersonal interactions result from these symptoms. Not being able to understand tasks or directions or being disobedient are not the causes of the symptoms that have been seen.

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ADHD comes in three primary forms:

  • Predominantly inattentive presentation.
  • Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation.
  • Combined presentation.

A diagnosis is made based on the existence of enduring symptoms that have developed over time and have been apparent over the previous six months. Although ADHD can be identified at any age, this illness first manifests in young children. The symptoms must have been bothersome in more than one setting and have been present before the person is 12 years old when the diagnosis is being made. For instance, the symptoms may appear somewhere else at home.

16Apr

OCD Treatment

The mental disease known as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts or sensations (obsessions) or the impulse to do certain repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Obsessions and compulsions are both common in some people.

OCD is not characterized by behaviors like nail-biting or pessimistic thinking. A compulsive habit might be washing your hands seven times after touching something that might be dirty, whereas an obsession might be the idea that particular numbers or colors are “good” or “bad.” You may not want to think or act in these ways, but you feel unable to stop.

Types Of OCD

OCD can take many different forms, however, the majority of instances fit into at least one of four broad categories:

  • Having a mental illness such as pregnancy or schizophrenia, or checking things like locks, alarm systems, ovens, or light switches
  • Contamination, apprehension about potentially dirty objects, or a need to clean. You could get mental contamination if you experience being treated rudely.
  • Order and symmetry, the requirement that objects be arranged in a specific manner
  • Invasive musings, and a preoccupation with a particular idea. These ideas might include some violent or unsettling ones.

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Diagnosis Of OCD

To confirm that something else isn’t causing your symptoms, your doctor may perform a physical examination and blood testing. They will also discuss your emotions, ideas, and routines with you.

OCD Types

Causes and Risk Factors for OCD

Doctors are unsure about the cause of OCD in some patients. Stress might exacerbate symptoms.

A little more women than males experience it. Teenagers or young adults frequently have symptoms.

OCD risk elements consist of:

  • OCD in a parent, sibling, or child
  • Physical variations in specific brain regions
  • Tics, depression, or anxiety
  • Knowledge of trauma
  • An earlier history of physical or sexual abuse

A youngster may occasionally develop OCD as a result of a streptococcal infection. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections, or PANDAS, is the name given to this condition.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

OCD Therapy

OCD cannot be cured. But with the help of medication, therapy, or a combination of treatments, you might be able to control how your symptoms interfere with your life.

Treatments include:

Psychotherapy: Your thought patterns may be changed with cognitive behavioral therapy. Your doctor will place you in an environment intended to induce anxiety or trigger compulsions as part of a technique known as exposure and response prevention. You’ll discover how to reduce, then stop, your OCD thoughts or behaviors.
Relaxation: Simple practices like yoga, massage, and meditation can ease the symptoms of anxious OCD.

Medication: Selected serotonin reuptake inhibitors are psychiatric medications that assist many people to manage their obsessions and compulsions. Starting to function could take two to four months. Escitalopram (Lexapro), citalopram (Celexa), clomipramine (Anafranil), fluvoxamine, paroxetine (Paxil), and sertraline are examples of common ones (Zoloft). Your doctor may prescribe antipsychotic medications such as aripiprazole (Abilify) or risperidone if you continue to experience symptoms (Risperdal).

Compulsions and Obsessions

Many OCD sufferers are aware that their thoughts and behaviors are absurd. They perform them because they are unable to stop, not because they like doing so. And if they quit, they feel terrible and restart.

Obsessive ideas might consist of:

  • Fear of harming yourself or others
  • Constant attention to body sensations like breathing, blinking, or other body functions
  • Suspicion of infidelity in a relationship but no solid evidence to support it

Among compulsive behaviors are:

  • Completing things in a predetermined order or a predetermined number of “excellent” times each time
  • Counting objects, such as steps or bottles
  • Fear of shaking hands, using public restrooms, or touching doorknobs.
16Apr

Depression Definition

A mood disorder is a condition that incorporates depression. Anger, unhappiness, or failure feelings that interfere during daily activity are some common descriptions.

As per the WHO website: – Globally, the total number of people with depression was estimated to exceed 300 million in 2015, equivalent to 4.3% of the world’s population. In India, the National Mental Health Survey 2015-16 revealed that nearly 15% of Indian adults need active intervention for one or more mental health issues and one in 20 Indians suffers from depression. It is estimated that in 2012, India had over 258 000 suicides, with the age-group of 15-49 years being most affected./span>

Although sadness after a traumatic event in life or grieving following the loss of a beloved one both have specific characteristics in common with depression, these emotions are distinct from each other. While sorrow frequently does not, depression frequently does involve self-hatred or low self-esteem.

Usually, feelings of emotional pain are accompanied by pleasant sensations and happy recollections of the deceased while someone is weeping. Sadness is a continuous sensation in major depressive disorder.

Depression manifests itself differently for each person. Your everyday tasks could be hampered, causing you to lose time and reduce production. Relationships and some long-term medical disorders may also be affected.

Depression can lead to specific conditions, such as:

This is important to realize that having sadness occasionally is a healthy component of life. Everyone endures unhappy and troubling things in life. But if you frequently feel depressed or hopeless, you may be suffering from depression.

Without the right treatment, depression is regarded as a dangerous medical illness that might worsen.

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Symptoms Of Depression

Depression might be more than simply a continuously depressed or “blue” feeling.

A major depressive episode can manifest in a number of ways. Some influence your body while others influence your mood. Additionally, symptoms might continue or come and go.

Test For Depression

No single test exists to identify depression. However, based on your symptoms and the results of a psychological assessment, your healthcare professional can make a diagnosis.

They typically probe you with a series of inquiries concerning your:

Moods, hunger, sleep habits, level of activity, and thoughts
Your healthcare provider may also perform a physical examination and request blood work because depression has been connected to other health issues. Sometimes depressive symptoms might be brought on by thyroid issues or a vitamin D shortage.

It’s critical to not disregard depressive disorder symptoms. Seek medical assistance if your mood doesn’t get better or grows worse. There is a chance of difficulties with depression, a significant mental health condition.

Complications might include trusted sources:

  • self-harm
  • drug usage disorder
  • suicidal thoughts due to social isolation
  • panic disorders
  • loss or increase in weight
  • relationship difficulties
  • a physical hurt

General Symptoms And Signs (Depression Symptoms, Symptoms Of Depression )

The symptoms of depression vary from person to person. The degree, regularity, and duration of symptoms can all vary.

You may have depression if you have experienced some of the warning signs and symptoms listed below nearly every day for at least two weeks:

  • feeling depressed, worried, or empty
  • feeling useless, cynical, and hopeless
  • crying a lot feeling upset, irritated, or furious losing interest in
  • activities and pursuits you once found enjoyable
  • reduced energy or weariness
  • the trouble with concentration, memory, or decision-making
  • moving or speaking more slowly, having trouble falling asleep,
  • waking up early, or staying up late, and experiencing changes in appetite or weight
  • persistent physical discomfort with no apparent cause that does not improve with treatment (headaches, aches or pains, digestive problems, cramps)
  • Self-harm, suicide attempts, or death-related ideas

Who Is Most Prone To Depression?

Nobody is immune to depression, regardless of age, gender, or situation. Depression affects over 16 million Americans each year.

Depression may affect women more frequently than it does males. Additionally, having at least one depressing episode in your life is more likely if you have certain medical conditions or genetics.

Is It Possible To Stop Depression?

By getting adequate sleep, maintaining a nutritious diet, and engaging in regular self-care practices like yoga, meditation, and exercise, you can help prevent depression.

If you’ve previously struggled with depression, you could be more prone to do so again. Get treatment if you are experiencing symptoms of depression. You can recover more quickly with care.

16Apr

Mental Retardation

Having below-average IQ and living skills is what we mean when we talk about people with mental retardation (sometimes called intellectual disability). It is found in both young people and adults whose brains do not mature or operate normally.

Intellectual impairment primarily impacts two domains:

♦ Rational cognition, often known as I.Q. (Intelligence Quotient; a score on a standardized intelligence test),: Thinking, reasoning, learning, making decisions, and solving issues fall under this category. The typical person has an intelligence level of 100. Someone with an intelligence score (IQ) below seventy-five is classified as having an intellectual disability.

♦ Adaptation behaviors are those that are crucial to survival and include things like communicating with others, taking care of oneself, and interacting with others.

Mental retardation typically manifests before the age of 18 years old. A person with an intellectual disability will struggle to learn and accomplish routine tasks, such as getting dressed and brushing their teeth, that are second nature to most individuals. Cerebral palsy and Down syndrome are two examples of intellectual disability.

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Mental Retardation Symptoms

The symptoms of intellectual disability vary according to the severity of the disability. Retardation is classified into four levels:

  • Mild Mental Retardation

  • Moderate Mental Retardation

  • Severe Mental Retardation

  • Profound Mental Retardation

Depending on how far along the disability is, different symptoms apply. The typical ones consist of:

  • Having problems with reading and writing​

  • Being socially immature

  • Having a below-average IQ

  • Having other conditions including autism, epilepsy, or physical disability

  • Being slower in understanding and using language

  • Being unable to live independently

  • Having impaired motor skills

  • Seizures

Other behavioral signs, such as: may also accompany these symptoms.

  • Aggression

  • Dependency

  • Withdrawal from social activities

  • Attention-seeking

  • Depression

  • Impulsiveness

  • Getting easily frustrated

  • Short attention span​

Physical deformities including a bent spine and distorted facial features do occur occasionally.​​​

Treatment And Services

Depending on the condition, several treatments are used for mental retardation. If the symptoms you or a loved one are experiencing are minor, you might just only a minimal amount of treatment and medicine. Advanced cases necessitate extensive treatment and therapy. Although they can treat symptoms, medications cannot treat the underlying problem. Medication that is frequently administered includes:

  • Antidepressants: used to treat depression.

  • Anti-anxiety medications: used to treat anxiety disorders, help reduce agitation and manage insomnia.

  • Mood-stabilizing medications: commonly used to treat bipolar disorders, which involve alternating between mania and depression.

  • Antipsychotic medications: used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.​

  • Anti-epileptic drugs to treat seizures

Psychotherapy is an additional choice, which entails meeting with a psychotherapist and going over your condition, moods, feelings, and behaviors. Your therapist will assist you in lowering your stress levels and learning more effective symptom management techniques. Speech therapy, physical therapy, and treatment for substance misuse (such as drug or alcohol addiction) are further forms of therapy.​​

Test And Diagnosis 

Your doctor will evaluate the patient’s intellectual and social abilities to determine if mental retardation is the cause. This assessment involves the following three steps:

  • Interviews with parents

  • Observations of the child

  • Standard tests

Both the IQ and social skills of a youngster are measured using standard exams. These include the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test. The child’s culture, socioeconomic position, and family history all affect the testing and results. The development of a diagnosis will be based on test results and family history.

You will speak with a variety of medical practitioners during the screening process, including:

  • Psychologists

  • Speech therapists

  • Pediatric neurologists

  • Physical therapists

Before determining that you have mental retardation, your doctor will make an effort to rule out other reasons of learning challenges, such as hearing loss, learning disorders, neurological illnesses, and emotional issues.​​

11Apr

తెలుగులో ఆటిజం అర్థం

ఆటిజం స్పెక్ట్రమ్ డిజార్డర్ (ASD) ఉన్న పిల్లలు మరియు వారి కుటుంబాలు ముందస్తు రోగనిర్ధారణ నుండి చాలా ప్రయోజనం పొందవచ్చు.

కానీ ASD నిర్ధారణను నిర్ణయించడం ఎల్లప్పుడూ సులభం కాదు. వైద్యులు బదులుగా చాలా చిన్న పిల్లల చర్యలను పర్యవేక్షించడం మరియు వారి తల్లిదండ్రుల ఆందోళనలను వినడంపై ఆధారపడాలి ఎందుకంటే దీనికి శాస్త్రీయ పరీక్ష లేదు.

ASD లక్షణాలు చాలా వైవిధ్యంగా ఉంటాయి. “స్పెక్ట్రంలో” ఉన్న కొందరు వ్యక్తులు తీవ్రమైన మానసిక బలహీనతలతో బాధపడుతున్నారు. కొంతమంది చాలా తెలివైనవారు మరియు వారి స్వంతంగా జీవించగలిగే సామర్థ్యం కలిగి ఉంటారు.

మీ బిడ్డ ఆటిజంతో బాధపడుతున్నారని నిర్ధారించడానికి రెండు-దశల ప్రక్రియలో మొదటి దశ, వారు స్పెక్ట్రమ్‌లో ఎక్కడ ఉన్నా, వారిని శిశువైద్యుని వద్దకు తీసుకెళ్లడం.

ఆటిజం నిర్ధారణను స్వీకరించడానికి ఎవరికి ఎక్కువ సంభావ్యత ఉంది?

సెంటర్స్ ఫర్ డిసీజ్ కంట్రోల్ అండ్ ప్రివెన్షన్ (CDC) అంచనా ప్రకారం 2016లో, యునైటెడ్ స్టేట్స్‌లో 54 మంది విశ్వసనీయ మూలాధారమైన పిల్లలలో 1 మంది ASD కలిగి ఉన్నారు. అన్ని జాతి, జాతి మరియు సామాజిక ఆర్థిక సమూహాలు ఆటిజం స్పెక్ట్రమ్ రుగ్మత ద్వారా ప్రభావితమవుతాయి.

అమ్మాయిల కంటే అబ్బాయిలు నాలుగు రెట్లు ఎక్కువగా అనుభవించే అవకాశం ఉందని నమ్ముతారు. అయితే, ఇటీవలి అధ్యయనాలు, ASD ఉన్న అమ్మాయిలు తరచుగా అబ్బాయిల కంటే భిన్నంగా ప్రదర్శిస్తారు కాబట్టి, వారు రోగనిర్ధారణకు దూరంగా ఉండవచ్చని సూచిస్తున్నాయి.

“మభ్యపెట్టే ప్రభావం విశ్వసనీయ మూలం” అని పిలవబడే కారణంగా, అమ్మాయిలు తరచుగా తమ లక్షణాలను దాచిపెడతారు. ఫలితంగా, ASD మునుపు నమ్మిన దానికంటే ఎక్కువగా అమ్మాయిలను ప్రభావితం చేయవచ్చు.

జన్యువులు పాత్ర పోషిస్తాయని మాకు తెలిసినప్పటికీ, ప్రస్తుతం ASDకి గుర్తింపు పొందిన చికిత్స లేదు మరియు పరిశోధకులు ఇప్పటికీ దాని ఖచ్చితమైన కారణాన్ని గుర్తించడానికి ప్రయత్నిస్తున్నారు. ఆటిజం కమ్యూనిటీలోని అనేకమంది సభ్యులు నివారణ అవసరమని భావించరు.

పర్యావరణ, జీవరసాయన మరియు జన్యు చరరాశులతో సహా వివిధ కారణాల వల్ల ఒక పిల్లవాడు ASDకి ఎక్కువ అవకాశం కలిగి ఉండవచ్చు.

ఆటిజం ఏ విధంగా నిర్ధారణ అవుతుంది?

సాధారణంగా, వైద్యులు చిన్న పిల్లలలో ASDని గుర్తిస్తారు. అయినప్పటికీ, ఆటిజం స్పెక్ట్రమ్ డిజార్డర్ లక్షణాలు మరియు తీవ్రతలో విస్తృత వైవిధ్యం కారణంగా రోగనిర్ధారణకు కొన్నిసార్లు సవాలుగా ఉంటుంది.

కొంతమందికి పెద్దయ్యాక రోగ నిర్ధారణ జరగదు.

ప్రస్తుతం ఆటిజంను నిర్ధారించడానికి గుర్తింపు పొందిన ఒక్క పరీక్ష కూడా అందుబాటులో లేదు. చిన్న పిల్లవాడిలో ASD యొక్క ప్రారంభ సంకేతాలను తల్లిదండ్రులు లేదా వైద్యుడు చూడవచ్చు, అయినప్పటికీ రోగ నిర్ధారణ ధృవీకరించబడాలి.

లక్షణాలు మద్దతిస్తే వైద్యులు మరియు నిపుణుల బృందం తరచుగా ASD యొక్క అధికారిక రోగ నిర్ధారణ చేస్తుంది. అభివృద్ధి చెందుతున్న శిశువైద్యుడు, న్యూరాలజిస్ట్, సైకాలజిస్ట్ లేదా న్యూరో సైకాలజిస్ట్, న్యూరాలజిస్ట్ మరియు/లేదా మనోరోగ వైద్యుడు ఇందులో పాల్గొనవచ్చు.

జన్యు విశ్లేషణ (ఆటిజం నిర్ధారణ):

ఆటిజం అనేది జన్యుపరమైన రుగ్మతగా గుర్తించబడినప్పటికీ, జన్యు పరీక్షలు గుర్తించలేవు లేదా నిర్ధారించలేవు. వివిధ రకాల జన్యు మరియు పర్యావరణ కారకాల వల్ల ASD సంభవించవచ్చు.

ASD సంకేతాలుగా భావించే కొన్ని బయోమార్కర్లను కొన్ని ల్యాబ్‌లలో పరీక్షించవచ్చు. కేవలం కొద్ది శాతం మంది వ్యక్తులు సహాయక పరిష్కారాలను కనుగొంటారు, వారు ప్రస్తుతం తెలిసిన అత్యంత ప్రబలమైన జన్యు భాగాల కోసం శోధిస్తారు.

ఈ జన్యు పరీక్షలలో ఒకటి అసాధారణమైన ఫలితాన్ని అందిస్తే, ASD అభివృద్ధిలో జన్యుశాస్త్రం ఎక్కువగా పాత్ర పోషిస్తుంది.

ఒక సాధారణ ఫలితం నిర్దిష్ట జన్యు సహకారం మినహాయించబడిందని మరియు అంతర్లీన కారణం ఇప్పటికీ అస్పష్టంగా ఉందని సూచిస్తుంది.

ఎ డెవలప్‌మెంటల్ చెక్ (ఆటిజం డయాగ్నోసిస్):

సాధారణ మరియు తరచుగా సందర్శనల సమయంలో, మీ డాక్టర్ పుట్టినప్పటి నుండి మీ పిల్లల అభివృద్ధిని తనిఖీ చేస్తారు.

సాధారణ అభివృద్ధి పర్యవేక్షణతో పాటు, అమెరికన్ అకాడమీ ఆఫ్ పీడియాట్రిక్స్ (AAP) 18 మరియు 24 నెలల వయస్సులో ప్రామాణికమైన ఆటిజం-నిర్దిష్ట స్క్రీనింగ్ పరీక్షలను సూచిస్తుంది.

ప్రత్యేకించి, ఒక తోబుట్టువు లేదా ఇతర కుటుంబ సభ్యునికి ASD ఉంటే, మీ పిల్లల అభివృద్ధి గురించి మీకు ఆందోళనలు ఉంటే మీ వైద్యుడు నిపుణుడిని సిఫారసు చేయవచ్చు.

గమనించిన ప్రవర్తనలకు భౌతిక వివరణ ఉన్నట్లయితే, నిపుణులు చెవుడు లేదా వినికిడి ఇబ్బందులను తనిఖీ చేయడానికి వినికిడి పరీక్షలు వంటి పరీక్షలను నిర్వహిస్తారు.

వారు పసిబిడ్డలలో ఆటిజం కోసం సవరించిన చెక్‌లిస్ట్ (M-CHAT) వంటి ఇతర ఆటిజం స్క్రీనింగ్ పద్ధతులను కూడా ఉపయోగిస్తారు.

తల్లిదండ్రులు చెక్‌లిస్ట్ అని పిలువబడే కొత్త స్క్రీనింగ్ పరికరాన్ని పూరిస్తారు. యువకుడికి ఆటిజం వచ్చే ప్రమాదం తక్కువ, మధ్యస్థం లేదా ఎక్కువ ఉందో లేదో నిర్ణయించడంలో ఇది సహాయపడుతుంది. పరీక్షలో 20 ప్రశ్నలు ఉన్నాయి, ఇది ఉచితం.

మీ బిడ్డకు ASD వచ్చే అవకాశం ఎక్కువగా ఉందని పరీక్ష ఫలితాలు చూపిస్తే, వారికి మరింత సమగ్రమైన రోగనిర్ధారణ మూల్యాంకనం ఉంటుంది.

మీ పిల్లలకు మీడియం సంభావ్యత ఉన్నట్లయితే, ఖచ్చితమైన ఫలితాలను సరిగ్గా వర్గీకరించడానికి తదుపరి విచారణలు అవసరం కావచ్చు.

బిహేవియరల్ అసెస్‌మెంట్ (ఆటిజం డయాగ్నోసిస్):

పూర్తి శారీరక మరియు నరాల పరీక్ష అనేది ఆటిజం నిర్ధారణలో తదుపరి దశ. దీని కోసం అవసరమైన నిపుణుల బృందం ఉండవచ్చు. నిపుణులు కావచ్చు:

పిల్లల అభివృద్ధి నిపుణులు
పిల్లల కోసం మనస్తత్వవేత్తలు
పీడియాట్రిక్ న్యూరాలజిస్టులు
వృత్తి చికిత్సకులు
స్పీచ్-లాంగ్వేజ్ పాథాలజిస్టులు

మూల్యాంకనంలో స్క్రీనింగ్ సాధనాలు కూడా ఉపయోగించబడవచ్చు. అభివృద్ధి స్క్రీనింగ్ కోసం అనేక ఎంపికలు ఉన్నాయి. ఆటిజం ఒక సాధనంతో నిర్ధారణ చేయబడదు. బదులుగా, ఆటిజం నిర్ధారణ చేయడానికి అనేక రకాల సాధనాలను కలిపి ఉపయోగించాలి.

స్క్రీనింగ్ సాధనాల యొక్క కొన్ని ఉదాహరణలు:

సోషల్ కమ్యూనికేషన్ ప్రశ్నాపత్రం (SCQ)
వయస్సు మరియు దశల ప్రశ్నాపత్రాలు (ASQ)
బాల్య ఆటిజం రేటింగ్ స్కేల్ (CARS)
ఆటిజం డయాగ్నస్టిక్ ఇంటర్వ్యూ-రివైజ్డ్ (ADI-R)
ఆటిజం డయాగ్నస్టిక్ అబ్జర్వేషన్ షెడ్యూల్ (ADOS)
ఆటిజం స్పెక్ట్రమ్ రేటింగ్ స్కేల్స్ (ASRS)

CDC విశ్వసనీయ మూలం ప్రకారం, డయాగ్నోస్టిక్ అండ్ స్టాటిస్టికల్ మాన్యువల్ ఆఫ్ మెంటల్ డిజార్డర్స్ (DSM-5) కొత్త ఎడిషన్ ASD నిర్ధారణలో సహాయపడే ప్రామాణిక ప్రమాణాలను కలిగి ఉంది.

10Apr

Schizophrenia Causes

Researchers believe that genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental factors all have a role in the emergence of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia may be caused, in part, by imbalances in neurotransmitters like dopamine and glutamate, which are naturally occurring chemicals in the brain. Neuroimaging studies reveal that persons with schizophrenia have an atypical brain and central nervous system anatomy. The importance of these alterations is still being debated, although they do point to schizophrenia being a neurological disorder.

What Is Schizophrenia And Schizophrenia Symptoms?

Schizophrenia alters your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. You might experience it in a different way than someone else. Even the symptoms can change over time. Nobody ever possesses all of them.

Typically, they begin between the ages of 16 and 30. Men frequently get them before women do. Before overt symptoms appear, the person frequently gradually changes. The prodrome phase is another name for this.

Schizophrenia sufferers struggle to distinguish between actual and false beliefs when the illness is advanced and symptoms are severe. As they age, this happens less frequently.

Typically, those who have the illness are unaware of it until a doctor or counselor informs them. They won’t even be aware that there is a significant problem. If they do experience symptoms, such as difficulty thinking clearly, they may attribute them to stress or fatigue.

Speak to a doctor or counselor if you’re worried that you or someone you know is exhibiting symptoms of schizophrenia.

Also Read:

Schizophrenia Symptoms: What Are Schizophrenia Positive Symptoms?

Positive symptoms are wildly exaggerated thoughts, perceptions, or behaviors that reveal the person can’t distinguish between real and unreal. The term “positive” in this context refers to the presence of symptoms rather than their absence. They may consist of:

Delusions: Most people find these beliefs strange, and it is simple to disprove them. The person affected might think someone is trying to control their brain through TV or that the FBI is out to get them. They might think they have superpowers or that they are someone else, such as a well-known actor or the president. Delusion types include:

  • Persecutory Delusions The impression that someone is stalking, hunting, framing, or tricking you.
  • Reference Hallucinations When a person thinks that a message intended specifically for them is being sent through public mediums like song lyrics or a TV host’s gesture.
  • Somatic Illusions These focus on the human body. The person believes they have a dreadful illness or strange health issues, such as skin worms or cosmic ray damage.
  • Erotomania Delusions A person can think their lover is cheating on them or that a famous person is in love with them. They might also believe that others who aren’t attracted to them are after them.
  • Religious Illusions It’s possible for someone to believe they have a special connection to a deity or that they’re under the control of a demon.
  • Grandiose Delusions They see themselves as a prominent player on the global stage, much like an actor or a politician.

Schizophrenia Positive Symptoms

Hallucinations: Schizophrenia patients may experience things that others are unable to hear, see, smell, or feel. Schizophrenia can cause a variety of hallucinations, including:

  • Auditory The person hears voices in their head the most frequently. They may be demanding action because they are impatient or irritated. There may be one or several voices heard. They could be furious and demanding, or they could whisper or mumble.
  • Visual Someone may notice patterns, objects, people, or lights. It’s frequently family members or friends who have passed away. They might also have issues with distance and depth perception.
  • Gustatory and Olfactory Good and terrible tastes and odors can be included in this. Someone might decide not to eat because they think they are being poisoned.
  • Tactile This gives the impression that your body is being moved by hands or insects.

Confusion In The Mind And In Speech: Schizophrenia patients sometimes struggle to organize their thoughts. When you speak to them, they might not be able to follow along. Instead, they can appear to be dozing off or preoccupied. They sometimes speak incoherently and with unclear sentences.

Having Trouble Focusing: For instance, when watching a TV show, someone could become disoriented.

Movement Disorder: Some individuals with schizophrenia may appear jittery. There are occasions when they repeat the same movements. However, on occasion, they would remain motionless for hours on end, a condition known as catatonia. Contrary to popular opinion, those who have the illness typically don’t behave violently.

Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms

Schizophrenia Symptoms: What Are Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms?

Negative symptoms describe a loss or absence of regular mental activity, including thinking, acting, and perceiving. You may observe:

Struggling With day-to-day Necessities: They might cease taking care of themselves, like taking a bath.

Lack of Enjoyment: The person might no longer appear to appreciate anything. An expert will refer to this as anhedonia.
difficulties speaking. They might not express their emotions or speak much. This is what medical professionals refer to as an analogy.